Sword Ferns play a critical role in PNW forests and shorelines. They play the role of groundcover and forage for deer, elk, etc. Many smaller mammals and birds also take shelter under their long fronds. 

An ancient species, fossils of sword fern-like species have been dated to 400 million years ago.  

Lately, climate change and habitat loss has led to sword fern die-offs, and in turn, loss of the animals who rely on these plants for habitat and food. 

(Image credit: Woodbrook Native Plant Nursery)